/* ── GOOGLE FONTS ── */
@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=IBM+Plex+Sans+Arabic:wght@300;400;500;600;700&family=Inter:wght@400;600;700&display=swap');

/* ── CSS VARIABLES ── */
:root {
  --navy:       #1a3a6e;
  --navy-dark:  #0f2044;
  --gold:       #c8962c;
  --gold-light: #f0c96a;
  --white:      #ffffff;
  --gray-50:    #f8f9fa;
  --gray-100:   #f1f3f5;
  --gray-200:   #e9ecef;
  --gray-400:   #adb5bd;
  --gray-600:   #6c757d;
  --gray-800:   #343a40;
  --text:       #2c3e50;
  --border:     #dee2e6;
  --radius:     6px;
  --shadow-sm:  0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
  --shadow-md:  0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.10);
}

/* ── RESET ── */
*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }
body {
  font-size: 15px;
  color: var(--text);
  background: var(--gray-50);
  line-height: 1.7;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; }
ul { list-style: none; }
a { text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.2s; }

/* ── DIRECTION — Arabic RTL ── */
html {
  direction: rtl;
  font-family: 'IBM Plex Sans Arabic', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;
}

/* ── TYPOGRAPHY ── */
h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {
  color: var(--navy);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.35;
}
/* CRITICAL: never use vw font sizes */
h1 { font-size: 1.8rem; }
h2 { font-size: 1.4rem; }
h3 { font-size: 1.15rem; }
p  { margin-bottom: 1rem; }

/* ── LAYOUT ── */
.container { max-width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 1.5rem; }

/* ── HEADER ── */
.site-header {
  background: var(--white);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 200;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}
.header-inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  height: 72px;
  gap: 1.5rem;
}
.site-logo-link { display: flex; align-items: center; flex-shrink: 0; }
.site-logo { max-height: 52px; width: auto; }

/* Navigation */
.main-navigation { flex: 1; }
.main-navigation .nav-menu {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: row;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;
}
html[lang^="en"] .main-navigation .nav-menu { direction: ltr; }
html[lang^="ar"] .main-navigation .nav-menu { direction: rtl; }

.main-navigation .nav-menu li { position: relative; }
.main-navigation .nav-menu > li > a {
  display: block;
  padding: 0.5rem 0.85rem;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--gray-800);
  border-bottom: 3px solid transparent;
  transition: all 0.2s;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.main-navigation .nav-menu > li > a:hover,
.main-navigation .nav-menu > li.current-menu-item > a {
  color: var(--navy);
  border-bottom-color: var(--gold);
}

/* Header Actions */
.header-actions {
  display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.75rem; flex-shrink: 0;
}
.lang-switcher {
  display: flex; align-items: center;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  overflow: hidden;
}
.lang-link {
  display: block; padding: 0.35rem 0.7rem;
  font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--gray-600); background: var(--white);
  border-right: 1px solid var(--border);
  text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  transition: all 0.15s;
}
.lang-link:last-child { border-right: none; }
.lang-link.lang-active { background: var(--navy); color: var(--white); }
.lang-link:hover:not(.lang-active) { background: var(--gray-100); color: var(--navy); }

.header-search-form {
  display: flex; align-items: center;
  background: var(--gray-100);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 0.35rem 0.75rem; gap: 0.5rem;
}
.header-search-form input {
  border: none; background: transparent;
  font-size: 0.85rem; color: var(--text);
  width: 150px; outline: none;
}
.header-search-form button {
  background: none; border: none;
  cursor: pointer; color: var(--gray-600);
  display: flex; align-items: center; padding: 0;
}
.btn-submit-article {
  background: var(--gold); color: var(--white);
  padding: 0.45rem 1rem; border-radius: var(--radius);
  font-size: 0.85rem; font-weight: 700;
  white-space: nowrap; transition: background 0.2s;
}
.btn-submit-article:hover { background: #a67820; color: var(--white); }

/* Mobile Sidebar Drawer Base Styles */
.header-nav-wrapper {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    flex: 1;
    justify-content: space-between;
}
.mobile-menu-toggle {
    display: none;
    background: none;
    border: none;
    color: var(--navy);
    cursor: pointer;
    padding: 0.25rem;
}
.mobile-menu-close {
    display: none;
    background: none;
    border: none;
    color: var(--navy);
    cursor: pointer;
    padding: 0.5rem;
}

/* ── HERO (front page only) ── */
.journal-hero {
  background: linear-gradient(160deg, var(--navy-dark) 0%, var(--navy) 100%);
  color: var(--white);
  padding: 3.5rem 0 3rem;
  text-align: center;
}
.hero-badge {
  display: inline-block;
  background: rgba(200,150,44,0.15);
  border: 1px solid rgba(200,150,44,0.5);
  color: var(--gold-light);
  padding: 0.3rem 1.2rem; border-radius: 2rem;
  font-size: 0.8rem; font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 1.2rem; letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}
.journal-hero h1 {
  color: var(--white);
  font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 3vw, 2.4rem);
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}
.hero-tagline {
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.75);
  font-size: 1rem; max-width: 600px;
  margin: 0 auto 1.5rem;
}
.hero-meta-bar {
  display: flex; justify-content: center;
  gap: 3rem; flex-wrap: wrap;
  margin-top: 1.5rem; padding-top: 1.5rem;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
}
.hero-meta-item { text-align: center; font-size: 0.85rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.75); }
.hero-meta-item strong {
  display: block; color: var(--gold-light);
  font-size: 1.1rem; margin-bottom: 0.15rem;
}

/* ── PAGE HERO BAR ── */
.page-hero-bar {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--navy-dark), var(--navy));
  color: var(--white);
  padding: 2rem 2.5rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}
html[lang^="ar"] .page-hero-bar { text-align: right; }
html[lang^="en"] .page-hero-bar { text-align: left; }
.page-hero-bar h1 { color: var(--white); font-size: 1.6rem; margin-bottom: 0.4rem; }
.page-hero-sub { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.75); font-size: 0.9rem; margin: 0; }

/* ── MAIN LAYOUT ── */
.page-body { padding: 2rem 0 3rem; }

html[lang^="ar"] .content-with-sidebar {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 280px; gap: 2rem; align-items: start;
}
html[lang^="en"] .content-with-sidebar {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: 280px 1fr; gap: 2rem; align-items: start;
}

/* ── SECTION HEADING ── */
.section-heading {
  font-size: 1.05rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy);
  padding-bottom: 0.6rem; margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--gold);
}

/* ── ARTICLE CARDS ── */
.article-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  transition: box-shadow 0.2s, border-color 0.2s;
}
.article-card:hover { box-shadow: var(--shadow-md); border-color: var(--navy); }
.article-card-top { display: flex; gap: 0.5rem; margin-bottom: 0.6rem; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.article-section-tag {
  display: inline-block; background: var(--gray-100);
  color: var(--navy); font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: 600;
  padding: 0.2rem 0.6rem; border-radius: 3px;
}
.article-volume-tag {
  display: inline-block; background: #fff3cd;
  color: #856404; font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: 600;
  padding: 0.2rem 0.6rem; border-radius: 3px;
}
.article-card h3 { font-size: 1rem; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.article-card h3 a { color: var(--navy); }
.article-card h3 a:hover { color: var(--gold); }
.article-abstract-snippet {
  font-size: 0.875rem; color: var(--gray-600);
  margin: 0.5rem 0 0; line-height: 1.6;
}
.article-meta {
  display: flex; gap: 1rem;
  font-size: 0.8rem; color: var(--gray-600);
  flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0.75rem;
  padding-top: 0.75rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--gray-200);
  align-items: center;
}

html[lang^="en"] .article-meta { flex-direction: row; }
.article-meta-links { margin-right: auto; display: flex; gap: 0.4rem; }
html[lang^="en"] .article-meta-links { margin-right: 0; margin-left: auto; }
.meta-link-read, .meta-link-pdf, .meta-link-doi {
  font-size: 0.78rem; font-weight: 600;
  padding: 0.2rem 0.6rem; border-radius: 3px; transition: all 0.15s;
}
.meta-link-read { color: var(--navy); background: #e8edf5; }
.meta-link-read:hover { background: var(--navy); color: var(--white); }
.meta-link-pdf { color: #c0392b; background: #fde8e8; }
.meta-link-pdf:hover { background: #c0392b; color: var(--white); }
.meta-link-doi { color: #155724; background: #d4edda; }
.meta-link-doi:hover { background: #155724; color: var(--white); }

/* ── ABOUT SNIPPET ── */
.about-snippet {
  background: var(--white); border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius); padding: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.about-snippet h2 {
  font-size: 1.1rem; margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.5rem; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--gold);
}
.about-snippet p { font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--gray-600); }
.read-more { font-size: 0.85rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--gold); }
.read-more:hover { color: var(--navy); }

/* ── SIDEBAR ── */
.journal-sidebar { position: sticky; top: 90px; }
.sidebar-widget {
  background: var(--white); border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius); overflow: hidden; margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}
.sidebar-widget-title {
  background: var(--navy); color: var(--white);
  font-size: 0.9rem; font-weight: 700; padding: 0.65rem 1rem;
}
.sidebar-nav-list { margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.sidebar-nav-list li { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-200); }
.sidebar-nav-list li:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
.sidebar-nav-list a {
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between;
  padding: 0.65rem 1rem; font-size: 0.875rem; color: var(--text);
  transition: background 0.15s;
}
.sidebar-nav-list a:hover { background: var(--gray-50); color: var(--navy); }
.nav-arrow { color: var(--gray-400); font-size: 0.75rem; }
.btn-submit-sidebar {
  display: block; background: var(--gold); color: var(--white);
  text-align: center; padding: 0.85rem 1rem;
  font-weight: 700; font-size: 0.95rem;
  transition: background 0.2s;
}
.btn-submit-sidebar:hover { background: #a67820; color: var(--white); }

/* ── BUTTONS ── */
.btn {
  display: inline-block; padding: 0.75rem 2rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius); font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 600; cursor: pointer; transition: all 0.2s;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.btn-primary { background: var(--gold); color: var(--white); border: 2px solid var(--gold); }
.btn-primary:hover { background: #a67820; color: var(--white); }
.btn-outline-navy {
  background: transparent; color: var(--white);
  border: 2px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.5);
}
.btn-outline-navy:hover { border-color: var(--white); background: rgba(255,255,255,0.1); }

/* ── EMPTY STATE ── */
.empty-archive-state {
  text-align: center; padding: 4rem 2rem;
  background: var(--white); border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
}
.empty-archive-state h3 { color: var(--navy); margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.empty-archive-state p { color: var(--gray-600); margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }

/* ── ARCHIVE FILTER BAR ── */
.archive-status-tabs {
  display: flex; gap: 0; margin-bottom: 1rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: var(--radius);
  overflow: hidden; background: var(--white);
}
.status-tab {
  flex: 1; text-align: center; padding: 0.6rem 1rem;
  font-size: 0.82rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--gray-600);
  border-left: 1px solid var(--border); transition: all 0.15s;
  text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;
}
html[lang^="ar"] .status-tab { border-left: none; border-right: 1px solid var(--border); }
html[lang^="ar"] .status-tab:first-child { border-right: none; }
.status-tab:first-child { border-left: none; }
.status-tab:hover { background: var(--gray-50); color: var(--navy); }
.status-tab.active {
  background: var(--navy); color: var(--white);
  border-color: var(--navy);
}

.archive-filter-bar {
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; flex-wrap: wrap;
  background: var(--white); border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius); padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
}
.filter-bar-right { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.5rem; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.filter-label { font-size: 0.8rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--gray-600); white-space: nowrap; }
.filter-tag {
  padding: 0.25rem 0.75rem; border-radius: 2rem;
  font-size: 0.78rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--gray-800);
  background: var(--gray-100); border: 1px solid transparent;
  transition: all 0.15s; white-space: nowrap;
}
.filter-tag:hover, .filter-tag.active {
  background: var(--navy); color: var(--white); border-color: var(--navy);
}
.archive-search-form {
  display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.4rem;
  background: var(--gray-50); border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius); padding: 0.3rem 0.6rem;
}
.archive-search-form input {
  border: none; background: transparent;
  font-size: 0.85rem; outline: none; width: 160px;
}
.archive-search-form button { background: none; border: none; cursor: pointer; color: var(--gray-600); }

.archive-stats-bar {
  display: flex; gap: 2rem; font-size: 0.82rem;
  color: var(--gray-600); padding: 0.6rem 0; margin-bottom: 1rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.archive-stats-bar strong { color: var(--navy); }

/* Section dropdown */
.section-select {
  padding: 0.35rem 0.75rem; border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius); font-size: 0.82rem;
  background: var(--white); color: var(--navy);
  cursor: pointer; min-width: 160px; font-weight: 500;
}
.section-select:focus { border-color: var(--navy); outline: none; }

/* Status badges */
.article-status-badge {
  display: inline-block; font-size: 0.68rem; font-weight: 700;
  padding: 0.15rem 0.55rem; border-radius: 3px;
  color: var(--white); white-space: nowrap;
}
.article-status-badge.published { background: #2e7d32; }
.article-status-badge.pending { background: #e65100; }
.article-status-badge.archive { background: var(--gray-500); }

/* Article card enhancements */
.article-researcher {
  font-size: 0.82rem; color: var(--gray-600); margin: 0.35rem 0;
}
.article-researcher strong { color: var(--navy); font-weight: 600; }
.article-keywords {
  display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.35rem; margin-top: 0.5rem;
}
.kw-tag {
  display: inline-block; font-size: 0.7rem; font-weight: 500;
  padding: 0.15rem 0.5rem; border-radius: 2rem;
  background: #e8edf5; color: var(--navy); border: 1px solid #c5d0e6;
}
.meta-pages { font-size: 0.78rem; color: var(--gray-500); }

/* ── PAGINATION ── */
.archive-pagination { margin-top: 2rem; text-align: center; }
.archive-pagination .nav-links { display: flex; gap: 0.5rem; justify-content: center; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.archive-pagination a, .archive-pagination span {
  padding: 0.5rem 0.9rem; border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius); font-size: 0.875rem; color: var(--navy);
}
.archive-pagination .current { background: var(--navy); color: var(--white); border-color: var(--navy); }

/* ── ABOUT PAGE ── */
.about-intro-card {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr auto; gap: 2rem;
  background: var(--white); border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius); padding: 1.75rem; margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}
.about-intro-card h2 {
  font-size: 1.15rem; margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.5rem; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--gold);
}
.about-intro-card p { font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--gray-600); }
.about-intro-stats { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 1rem; min-width: 110px; }
.about-stat {
  text-align: center; padding: 0.85rem 0.75rem;
  background: var(--gray-50); border-radius: var(--radius);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.about-stat-num { display: block; font-size: 1.75rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); }
.about-stat-label { font-size: 0.75rem; color: var(--gray-600); }

.vm-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 1.25rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.vm-card { padding: 1.5rem; border-radius: var(--radius); border: 1px solid var(--border); background: var(--white); }
.vm-card.vision { border-top: 4px solid var(--navy); }
.vm-card.mission { border-top: 4px solid var(--gold); }
.vm-card h3 { font-size: 1rem; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.vm-card p { font-size: 0.875rem; color: var(--gray-600); margin: 0; }

.about-section-title {
  font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy);
  margin: 1.5rem 0 1rem; padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--gold);
}
.values-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3,1fr); gap: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.value-card {
  padding: 1rem; background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: var(--radius);
  transition: box-shadow 0.2s;
}
.value-card:hover { box-shadow: var(--shadow-md); }
.value-card h4 { font-size: 0.875rem; color: var(--navy); margin-bottom: 0.3rem; }
.value-card p { font-size: 0.8rem; color: var(--gray-600); margin: 0; }

.audience-list { padding: 0; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.audience-list li {
  padding: 0.65rem 1rem; font-size: 0.9rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-200);
  background: var(--white); color: var(--text);
}
.audience-list li:first-child { border-radius: var(--radius) var(--radius) 0 0; }
.audience-list li:last-child { border-radius: 0 0 var(--radius) var(--radius); border-bottom: none; }

.goals-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0.75rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.goal-item {
  padding: 1rem 1.25rem; background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: var(--radius);
}
html[lang^="ar"] .goal-item { border-right: 4px solid var(--gold); }
html[lang^="en"] .goal-item { border-left: 4px solid var(--gold); }
.goal-item strong { display: block; color: var(--navy); margin-bottom: 0.25rem; font-size: 0.9rem; }
.goal-item p { font-size: 0.85rem; color: var(--gray-600); margin: 0; }

.sections-grid {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); gap: 0.75rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}
.section-card {
  display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.75rem;
  padding: 0.75rem 1rem; background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: var(--radius);
  transition: all 0.2s;
}
.section-card:hover {
  border-color: var(--navy); box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(26,54,93,0.08);
}
.section-num {
  flex-shrink: 0; width: 2rem; height: 2rem;
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  background: var(--navy); color: var(--white);
  border-radius: 50%; font-size: 0.7rem; font-weight: 700;
  font-family: monospace;
}
.section-name {
  font-size: 0.82rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--navy);
  line-height: 1.4;
}

/* ── EDITORIAL BOARD (Professional) ── */
.eb-section {
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  overflow: hidden;
}
.eb-section-header {
  padding: 1rem 1.5rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  position: relative;
}
html[lang^="ar"] .eb-section-header { border-right: 3px solid var(--gold); }
html[lang^="en"] .eb-section-header { border-left: 3px solid var(--gold); }
.eb-section-title {
  font-size: 1.05rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy);
  margin: 0 0 0.25rem; line-height: 1.4;
}
.eb-section-desc {
  font-size: 0.78rem; color: var(--muted); margin: 0; line-height: 1.5;
}

/* Table */
.eb-table-wrap { overflow-x: auto; }
.eb-table {
  width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.85rem;
}
.eb-table thead { background: var(--gray-50); }
.eb-table th {
  padding: 0.6rem 1rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy);
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--border); font-size: 0.78rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em; white-space: nowrap;
}
html[lang^="ar"] .eb-table th,
html[lang^="ar"] .eb-table td { text-align: right; }
html[lang^="en"] .eb-table th,
html[lang^="en"] .eb-table td { text-align: left; }
.eb-table td {
  padding: 0.55rem 1rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-200);
  color: var(--text); vertical-align: middle;
}
.eb-table tr:last-child td { border-bottom: none; }
.eb-table tbody tr:hover td { background: rgba(26, 54, 93, 0.02); }
.eb-th-num { width: 40px; text-align: center !important; }
.eb-table td:first-child { text-align: center !important; color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.78rem; }

/* Leader rows */
.eb-leader { background: rgba(212, 175, 55, 0.04); }
.eb-leader td { font-weight: 600; }
.eb-member-name { font-weight: 600; color: var(--navy); }
.eb-leader .eb-member-name { color: var(--navy); }

/* Role badges */
.eb-role {
  display: inline-block; font-size: 0.72rem; font-weight: 700;
  padding: 0.15rem 0.55rem; border-radius: 3px;
  background: var(--navy); color: var(--white);
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.eb-role-gold { background: var(--gold); color: var(--white); }

/* Section footer */
.eb-section-footer {
  padding: 0.5rem 1.5rem; font-size: 0.78rem; color: var(--muted);
  background: var(--gray-50); border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
}

/* ── GUIDELINES PAGE ── */
.guideline-section {
  background: var(--white); border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius); margin-bottom: 1.5rem; overflow: hidden;
}
.guideline-section-header {
  display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 1rem;
  padding: 1rem 1.5rem; background: var(--gray-50);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.gs-number {
  background: var(--navy); color: var(--white);
  font-size: 0.8rem; font-weight: 700;
  width: 2rem; height: 2rem; border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  flex-shrink: 0; font-family: monospace;
}
.guideline-section-header h2 { font-size: 1rem; margin: 0; color: var(--navy); }
.guideline-section-body { padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem; }

.criteria-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 1rem; }
.criteria-card {
  padding: 1rem; background: var(--gray-50); border-radius: var(--radius);
}
html[lang^="ar"] .criteria-card { border-right: 3px solid var(--gold); }
html[lang^="en"] .criteria-card { border-left: 3px solid var(--gold); }
.criteria-card h4 { font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--navy); margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.criteria-card ul { padding-right: 1rem; margin: 0; }
html[lang^="en"] .criteria-card ul { padding-right: 0; padding-left: 1rem; }
.criteria-card li { font-size: 0.85rem; color: var(--gray-800); margin-bottom: 0.3rem; }

.spec-table-wrapper { overflow-x: auto; }
.spec-table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.875rem; }
.spec-table th {
  background: var(--navy); color: var(--white);
  padding: 0.65rem 1rem; font-weight: 600;
}
html[lang^="ar"] .spec-table th, html[lang^="ar"] .spec-table td { text-align: right; }
html[lang^="en"] .spec-table th, html[lang^="en"] .spec-table td { text-align: left; }
.spec-table td { padding: 0.6rem 1rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-200); color: var(--gray-800); }
.spec-table tr:last-child td { border-bottom: none; }
.spec-table tr:hover td { background: var(--gray-50); }

.numbered-steps { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0.6rem; }
.numbered-step {
  display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 1rem;
  padding: 0.65rem 1rem; background: var(--gray-50);
  border-radius: var(--radius); font-size: 0.875rem;
}
.step-num {
  background: var(--gold); color: var(--white);
  width: 1.75rem; height: 1.75rem; border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  font-size: 0.8rem; font-weight: 700; flex-shrink: 0;
}

.apa-rules { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0.75rem; }
.apa-rule {
  padding: 0.75rem 1rem; background: var(--gray-50);
  border-radius: var(--radius); font-size: 0.875rem; color: var(--gray-800);
}
html[lang^="ar"] .apa-rule { border-right: 3px solid var(--navy); }
html[lang^="en"] .apa-rule { border-left: 3px solid var(--navy); }

.review-steps { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 1rem; }
.review-step {
  display: flex; align-items: flex-start; gap: 1rem;
  padding: 1rem; background: var(--gray-50); border-radius: var(--radius);
}
.review-step-num {
  background: var(--navy); color: var(--white);
  width: 2rem; height: 2rem; border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  font-size: 0.85rem; font-weight: 700; flex-shrink: 0;
}
.review-step strong { display: block; color: var(--navy); margin-bottom: 0.25rem; }
.review-step p { font-size: 0.85rem; color: var(--gray-600); margin: 0; }

.general-rules { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0.6rem; }
.general-rule {
  display: flex; align-items: flex-start; gap: 0.75rem;
  padding: 0.65rem 1rem; background: var(--gray-50);
  border-radius: var(--radius); font-size: 0.875rem;
}
.general-rule-num {
  color: var(--navy); font-weight: 700; font-size: 0.85rem;
  flex-shrink: 0; min-width: 1.5rem;
}

.guidelines-cta {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--navy-dark), var(--navy));
  color: var(--white); padding: 2rem; border-radius: var(--radius);
  text-align: center; margin-top: 0.5rem;
}
.guidelines-cta h3 { color: var(--white); margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.guidelines-cta p { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.8); margin-bottom: 1.25rem; }

/* ══════════════════════════════════════
   CONTACT PAGE — Premium UI
══════════════════════════════════════ */

/* Layout: Sidebar + Form */
.cx-layout {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: 300px 1fr;
  gap: 0; margin-top: 1.5rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius); overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 24px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
}

/* ── Sidebar ── */
.cx-sidebar {
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #1a365d 0%, #1e3a5f 50%, #1a365d 100%);
  color: var(--white); position: relative; overflow: hidden;
}
.cx-sidebar::before {
  content: ''; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0;
  width: 100%; height: 100%;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255,255,255,0.02) 0%, transparent 40%, rgba(0,0,0,0.1) 100%);
  pointer-events: none;
}
.cx-sidebar-inner {
  position: relative; z-index: 1; padding: 2rem 1.5rem;
  display: flex; flex-direction: column; height: 100%;
}
.cx-sidebar-header { text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2rem; }
.cx-sidebar-icon {
  width: 56px; height: 56px; border-radius: 50%;
  background: rgba(212,175,55,0.1); display: flex;
  align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  margin: 0 auto 1rem; border: 1.5px solid rgba(212,175,55,0.3);
}
.cx-sidebar-icon svg { stroke: #d4af37; }
.cx-sidebar-header h3 {
  font-size: 1.15rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0 0 0.4rem;
  color: var(--white);
}
.cx-sidebar-header p {
  font-size: 0.8rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.55); margin: 0;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

/* Info Items */
.cx-info-list { flex: 1; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 1rem; }
.cx-info-item {
  display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.75rem;
  padding: 0.7rem 0.75rem; border-radius: 10px;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.04);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.05);
  transition: all 0.25s ease;
}
.cx-info-item:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,0.07); border-color: rgba(212,175,55,0.12); }
.cx-info-icon {
  width: 34px; height: 34px; border-radius: 8px;
  background: rgba(212,175,55,0.1); display: flex;
  align-items: center; justify-content: center; flex-shrink: 0;
}
.cx-info-icon svg { stroke: #d4af37; width: 16px; height: 16px; }
.cx-email-link { font-size: 0.75rem !important; word-break: break-word; direction: ltr; }
.cx-info-label {
  display: block; font-size: 0.68rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.45);
  margin-bottom: 0.1rem; letter-spacing: 0.03em;
}
.cx-info-value {
  font-size: 0.8rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.9); font-weight: 600;
  text-decoration: none; display: block;
}
a.cx-info-value:hover { color: #d4af37; }

/* Response Badge */
.cx-sidebar-footer { margin-top: 1.5rem; }
.cx-response-badge {
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  gap: 0.4rem; padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem; border-radius: 20px;
  background: rgba(72,187,120,0.15); color: #68d391;
  font-size: 0.72rem; font-weight: 600;
}
.cx-response-badge svg { stroke: #68d391; }

/* ── Form Area ── */
.cx-form-area { background: var(--white); padding: 2rem; }
.cx-form { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 1.15rem; }
.cx-row { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 1rem; }

/* Fields */
.cx-field { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.cx-field label {
  font-size: 0.8rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy);
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.35rem;
}
.cx-field label svg { stroke: var(--gold); flex-shrink: 0; opacity: 0.7; }
.cx-req { color: #e53e3e; font-size: 0.75rem; }
.cx-opt { color: var(--muted); font-weight: 400; font-size: 0.72rem; }

.cx-field input,
.cx-field textarea,
.cx-field select {
  padding: 0.65rem 0.9rem;
  border: 1.5px solid var(--gray-200);
  border-radius: 8px; font-size: 0.88rem; font-family: inherit;
  color: var(--text); background: var(--gray-50);
  transition: all 0.25s ease;
  width: 100%;
}
.cx-field input:focus,
.cx-field textarea:focus,
.cx-field select:focus {
  outline: none; border-color: var(--navy);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(26,54,93,0.08);
  background: var(--white);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.cx-field input::placeholder,
.cx-field textarea::placeholder { color: var(--gray-400); }
.cx-field select { cursor: pointer; appearance: auto; }
.cx-field textarea { resize: vertical; min-height: 120px; }

/* Character Counter */
.cx-char-count {
  text-align: left; font-size: 0.7rem; color: var(--gray-400);
  margin-top: 0.3rem;
}

/* Submit Row */
.cx-submit-row {
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between;
  margin-top: 0.5rem; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.75rem;
}
.cx-btn-submit {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.6rem;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--navy) 0%, var(--navy-dark) 100%);
  color: var(--white); padding: 0.75rem 2rem;
  border: none; border-radius: 8px;
  font-size: 0.95rem; font-weight: 700; font-family: inherit;
  cursor: pointer; position: relative; overflow: hidden;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}
.cx-btn-submit::before {
  content: ''; position: absolute; top: 0; left: -100%;
  width: 100%; height: 100%;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, rgba(255,255,255,0.1), transparent);
  transition: left 0.5s;
}
.cx-btn-submit:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(26,54,93,0.3); }
.cx-btn-submit:hover::before { left: 100%; }
.cx-btn-submit:active { transform: translateY(0); }
.cx-btn-submit.cx-loading { opacity: 0.7; pointer-events: none; }
.cx-btn-icon { display: flex; }

.cx-privacy {
  font-size: 0.72rem; color: var(--gray-400);
  display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.3rem;
}
.cx-privacy svg { stroke: var(--gray-400); }

/* ── Error Banner ── */
.cx-error-banner {
  display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.6rem;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fff5f5, #fed7d7);
  border: 1px solid #feb2b2; color: #c53030;
  padding: 0.75rem 1rem; border-radius: 8px;
  font-size: 0.85rem; font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  animation: cx-shake 0.4s ease;
}
@keyframes cx-shake {
  0%, 100% { transform: translateX(0); }
  25% { transform: translateX(-4px); }
  75% { transform: translateX(4px); }
}

/* ── Success Card ── */
.cx-success-card {
  background: var(--white); border: 2px solid #c6f6d5;
  border-radius: 16px; padding: 3rem 2rem;
  text-align: center; margin-top: 1.5rem;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 24px rgba(72,187,120,0.1);
}
.cx-success-card h3 {
  color: var(--navy); font-size: 1.25rem;
  margin: 0 0 0.5rem; font-weight: 700;
}
.cx-success-card p { color: var(--muted); margin: 0 0 1.5rem; font-size: 0.9rem; }
.cx-btn-home {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.5rem;
  background: var(--navy); color: var(--white);
  padding: 0.65rem 1.5rem; border-radius: 8px;
  font-weight: 700; font-size: 0.88rem; text-decoration: none;
  transition: background 0.2s;
}
.cx-btn-home:hover { background: var(--gold); color: var(--white); }
.cx-btn-home svg { stroke: currentColor; }

/* Animated Checkmark */
.cx-success-anim { margin-bottom: 1.25rem; }
.cx-checkmark {
  width: 64px; height: 64px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: block; margin: 0 auto;
  stroke-width: 2; stroke: #48bb78;
  stroke-miterlimit: 10;
  animation: cx-fill 0.4s ease-in-out 0.4s forwards, cx-scale 0.3s ease-in-out 0.9s both;
}
.cx-checkmark-circle {
  stroke-dasharray: 166; stroke-dashoffset: 166;
  stroke-width: 2; stroke-miterlimit: 10;
  stroke: #48bb78; fill: none;
  animation: cx-stroke 0.6s cubic-bezier(0.65,0,0.45,1) forwards;
}
.cx-checkmark-check {
  transform-origin: 50% 50%;
  stroke-dasharray: 48; stroke-dashoffset: 48;
  animation: cx-stroke 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.65,0,0.45,1) 0.8s forwards;
}
@keyframes cx-stroke { 100% { stroke-dashoffset: 0; } }
@keyframes cx-scale {
  0%, 100% { transform: none; }
  50% { transform: scale3d(1.1,1.1,1); }
}
@keyframes cx-fill { 100% { box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 30px rgba(72,187,120,0.08); } }

/* ── SUBMIT PAGE ── */
.info-card {
  background: var(--white); border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius); overflow: hidden; margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}
.info-card-header {
  background: var(--navy); color: var(--white);
  padding: 0.75rem 1.25rem; font-size: 0.9rem; font-weight: 700;
}
.info-card-body { padding: 1.25rem; }
.checklist { list-style: none; padding: 0; }
.checklist li {
  padding: 0.5rem 0; font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--text);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-200);
  display: flex; align-items: flex-start; gap: 0.5rem;
}
.checklist li:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
.checklist li::before {
  content: '—'; color: var(--gold); font-weight: 700; flex-shrink: 0;
}
.submit-email-box {
  background: var(--navy); padding: 1.5rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius); text-align: center;
}
.submit-email-link { color: var(--gold-light); font-size: 1.05rem; font-weight: 700; }
.submit-email-link:hover { color: var(--white); }
.submit-contact-row {
  background: var(--gray-50); padding: 1rem 1.25rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius); margin-top: 1rem;
  font-size: 0.875rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0.5rem;
}
.submit-contact-row strong { color: var(--navy); }
.submit-contact-row a { color: var(--navy); }

/* ── FOOTER ── */
.site-footer { background: var(--navy-dark); color: rgba(255,255,255,0.65); margin-top: 3rem; }

.footer-issn-bar {
  background: rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(200,150,44,0.25);
  padding: 0.6rem 0;
}
.footer-issn-inner {
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.75rem;
  font-size: 0.78rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5); text-align: center;
}
.footer-issn-sep { color: rgba(200,150,44,0.4); }

.footer-main { padding: 2.5rem 0 2rem; }
.footer-grid {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.6fr 1fr 1fr 1.4fr;
  gap: 2.5rem; align-items: start;
}
.footer-logo {
  max-height: 44px; width: auto;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  filter: brightness(0) invert(1); opacity: 0.8;
}
.footer-about-text {
  font-size: 0.82rem; line-height: 1.75;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5); margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}
.footer-col-title {
  font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--gold);
  text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  margin-bottom: 1rem; padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(200,150,44,0.2);
}
.footer-links-list { margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.footer-links-list li { margin-bottom: 0.45rem; }
.footer-links-list a {
  font-size: 0.82rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5); transition: color 0.15s;
}
.footer-links-list a:hover { color: var(--gold); }

.footer-contact-table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.8rem; }
.footer-contact-table tr { border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.05); }
.footer-contact-table td { padding: 0.45rem 0; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5); vertical-align: top; }
.fct-label {
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.3); font-weight: 700; font-size: 0.7rem;
  text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  white-space: nowrap; width: 40%;
}
html[lang^="ar"] .fct-label { padding-left: 0.75rem; }
html[lang^="en"] .fct-label { padding-right: 0.75rem; }
.footer-contact-table a { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.55); }
.footer-contact-table a:hover { color: var(--gold); }

/* Social Media Icons */
.footer-social {
  padding: 1rem 0;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.06);
}
.social-icons-row {
  display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center;
  gap: 0.6rem; flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.social-link {
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  width: 40px; height: 40px; border-radius: 50%;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.06);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.08);
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5);
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}
.social-link:hover {
  background: rgba(212,175,55,0.15);
  border-color: rgba(212,175,55,0.3);
  color: #d4af37;
  transform: translateY(-3px);
}
.social-link svg { fill: currentColor; }
.social-link svg[stroke] { fill: none; stroke: currentColor; }

.footer-bottom {
  background: rgba(0,0,0,0.25); padding: 0.75rem 0;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.05);
}
.footer-bottom-inner {
  display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center;
  font-size: 0.75rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.3); flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.5rem;
}

/* ══════════════════════════════════════════
   SINGLE ARTICLE — PREMIUM (sp-)
══════════════════════════════════════════ */
.sp-article {
  background: var(--white); border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius); overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
}
.sp-hero {
  padding: 2rem 2rem 1.5rem;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(26,54,93,0.03) 0%, rgba(200,150,44,0.03) 100%);
  border-bottom: 3px solid var(--gold);
}
.sp-badge-row { margin-bottom: 0.75rem; }
.sp-badge {
  display: inline-block; font-size: 0.7rem; font-weight: 700;
  padding: 0.2rem 0.65rem; border-radius: 3px; color: var(--white);
}
.sp-badge.published { background: #2e7d32; }
.sp-badge.pending { background: #e65100; }
.sp-badge.archive { background: var(--gray-500); }
.sp-title {
  font-size: 1.4rem; color: var(--navy); margin: 0 0 1rem;
  line-height: 1.65; font-weight: 700;
}
.sp-researcher {
  display: flex; align-items: flex-start; gap: 0.65rem;
  padding: 0.75rem 1rem; background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: 8px;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.sp-researcher-icon {
  flex-shrink: 0; width: 2.2rem; height: 2.2rem;
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  background: var(--navy); color: var(--white); border-radius: 50%;
}
.sp-rname { font-size: 0.88rem; color: var(--navy); display: inline; }
.sp-rdeg { font-size: 0.82rem; color: var(--gray-500); margin-right: 0.15rem; }
html[lang^="ar"] .sp-rdeg { margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0.15rem; }
.sp-runi { font-size: 0.8rem; color: var(--gray-500); }
.sp-info-strip {
  display: flex; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.35rem; font-size: 0.8rem; color: var(--gray-600); font-weight: 500;
}
.sp-dot {
  display: inline-block; width: 4px; height: 4px;
  background: var(--gold); border-radius: 50%;
}
.sp-timeline {
  display: flex; gap: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  background: var(--gray-50);
}
.sp-tl {
  flex: 1; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.5rem;
  padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.sp-tl:first-child { border-left: none; }
html[lang^="ar"] .sp-tl { border-left: none; border-right: 1px solid var(--border); }
html[lang^="ar"] .sp-tl:first-child { border-right: none; }
.sp-tl-dot {
  flex-shrink: 0; width: 10px; height: 10px;
  border-radius: 50%; background: var(--navy);
  border: 2px solid #c5d0e6;
}
.sp-tl-dot.gold { background: var(--gold); border-color: #e8d8a0; }
.sp-tl-l { display: block; font-size: 0.68rem; color: var(--muted); font-weight: 600; }
.sp-tl-d { font-size: 0.82rem; color: var(--navy); font-weight: 700; direction: ltr; display: inline-block; }
.sp-section {
  padding: 1.5rem 2rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.sp-sec-title {
  font-size: 0.82rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy);
  margin: 0 0 0.65rem; letter-spacing: 0.03em;
  padding-bottom: 0.4rem;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--gold);
  display: inline-block;
}
.sp-text {
  font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--gray-700); margin: 0;
  line-height: 2; text-align: justify;
}
.sp-ltr { direction: ltr; text-align: left; }
.sp-ltr .sp-text { text-align: left; }
.sp-tags-row {
  display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.35rem;
  padding: 0.75rem 2rem 1rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.sp-tag {
  display: inline-block; background: #e8edf5; color: var(--navy);
  padding: 0.22rem 0.6rem; border-radius: 3px;
  font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #c5d0e6;
  transition: all 0.15s;
}
.sp-tag:hover { background: var(--navy); color: var(--white); border-color: var(--navy); }
.sp-cta {
  text-align: center; padding: 2rem;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(26,54,93,0.04) 0%, rgba(200,150,44,0.04) 100%);
}
.sp-cta-note { font-size: 0.82rem; color: var(--gray-500); margin: 0 0 0.75rem; }
.sp-cta-btn {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  gap: 0.5rem; padding: 0.85rem 2.5rem;
  border-radius: 8px; font-size: 0.95rem; font-weight: 700;
  text-decoration: none; border: none; cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.2s; min-width: 250px;
}
.sp-cta-btn.download {
  background: #2e7d32; color: var(--white);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(46,125,50,0.25);
}
.sp-cta-btn.download:hover {
  background: #1b5e20; color: var(--white);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(46,125,50,0.35);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.sp-cta-btn.request {
  background: var(--navy); color: var(--white);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(26,54,93,0.25);
}
.sp-cta-btn.request:hover {
  background: #0d1f42;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(26,54,93,0.35);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.req-overlay {
  position: fixed; inset: 0; background: rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  z-index: 9999; padding: 1rem;
}
.req-box {
  background: var(--white); border-radius: 10px; padding: 1.75rem;
  width: 100%; max-width: 440px; position: relative;
  box-shadow: 0 16px 48px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
  max-height: 90vh; overflow-y: auto;
}
.req-ref { font-size: 0.78rem; color: var(--gold); margin: 0; font-weight: 600; }
.req-f { margin-bottom: 0.7rem; }
.req-f label { display: block; font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--navy); margin-bottom: 0.2rem; }
.req-f label span { color: #e53e3e; }
.req-f input, .req-f select {
  width: 100%; padding: 0.5rem 0.7rem; border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius); font-size: 0.85rem; background: var(--gray-50);
}
.req-f input:focus, .req-f select:focus { border-color: var(--navy); outline: none; background: var(--white); }
.req-submit {
  width: 100%; padding: 0.65rem; background: var(--navy); color: var(--white);
  border: none; border-radius: var(--radius); font-size: 0.85rem; font-weight: 700;
  cursor: pointer; margin-top: 0.3rem;
}
.req-submit:hover { background: #0d1f42; }

/* Modal header row */
.req-header {
  display: flex; align-items: flex-start; justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 0.75rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.75rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}

/* Close button */
.req-close-btn {
  flex-shrink: 0; width: 2rem; height: 2rem;
  background: var(--gray-100); border: 1.5px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 50%; display: flex;
  align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  cursor: pointer; color: var(--gray-500);
  transition: all 0.2s; margin-top: 0.15rem;
}
.req-close-btn:hover {
  background: var(--navy); color: white; border-color: var(--navy);
}

/* Modal title */
.req-title { font-size: 1rem; color: var(--navy); margin: 0 0 0.2rem; }


/* Success message */
.req-success-msg {
  text-align: center; padding: 1.5rem 0.5rem;
}
.req-success-icon { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.req-success-msg h4 {
  font-size: 1.1rem; color: #2e7d32; margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
}
.req-success-msg p {
  font-size: 0.85rem; color: var(--gray-600); margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
}
.req-email-note {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.35rem;
  font-size: 0.78rem !important; color: var(--gold) !important;
  background: #fffbeb; padding: 0.35rem 0.75rem;
  border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid #fde68a;
  margin-top: 0.5rem !important;
}
.req-close-after {
  display: inline-block; margin-top: 1rem;
  padding: 0.55rem 2rem; background: var(--gray-100);
  color: var(--gray-700); border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius); font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 600; cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.15s;
}
.req-close-after:hover { background: var(--gray-200); }




/* ── 404 PAGE ── */
.error-404 { text-align: center; padding: 5rem 2rem; }
.error-404 .error-code { font-size: 5rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--gold); line-height: 1; }
.error-404 h1 { font-size: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.error-404 p { color: var(--gray-600); margin-bottom: 2rem; }

/* (responsive rules consolidated at end of file) */

/* ── SECONDARY NAV BAR ── */
.secondary-nav-bar {
    background: var(--navy);
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--gold);
}
.secondary-nav-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: row;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
    overflow-x: auto;
    gap: 0;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    scrollbar-width: none;
}
.secondary-nav-list::-webkit-scrollbar { display: none; }
html[lang^="ar"] .secondary-nav-list { direction: rtl; }
html[lang^="en"] .secondary-nav-list { direction: ltr; }

.secondary-nav-list li { flex-shrink: 0; }
.secondary-nav-list a {
    display: block;
    padding: 0.6rem 1.1rem;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.75);
    white-space: nowrap;
    border-bottom: 2px solid transparent;
    transition: all 0.2s;
    letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}
.secondary-nav-list a:hover {
    color: var(--gold-light);
    border-bottom-color: var(--gold);
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.05);
}
.secondary-nav-list .active > a {
    color: var(--gold-light);
    border-bottom-color: var(--gold);
}

/* ══════════════════════════════════════════
   HERO V2 — PREMIUM ACADEMIC DESIGN
══════════════════════════════════════════ */

/* ── Background System ── */
.hp-hero-v2 {
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    padding: 2.5rem 0 0;
    min-height: 520px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
}

.hero-bg-layer {
    position: absolute; inset: 0;
    background:
        radial-gradient(ellipse 120% 100% at 50% 0%, #0d1f42 0%, transparent 70%),
        radial-gradient(ellipse 80% 60% at 80% 100%, rgba(200,150,44,0.08) 0%, transparent 50%),
        linear-gradient(165deg, #060e1f 0%, #0c1a38 25%, #142952 50%, #1a3a6e 75%, #0f2044 100%);
    z-index: 0;
}

.hero-grid-overlay {
    position: absolute; inset: 0; z-index: 1;
    background-image:
        linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,0.015) 1px, transparent 1px),
        linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255,255,255,0.015) 1px, transparent 1px);
    background-size: 48px 48px;
    mask-image: radial-gradient(ellipse 70% 60% at 50% 40%, black 30%, transparent 80%);
    -webkit-mask-image: radial-gradient(ellipse 70% 60% at 50% 40%, black 30%, transparent 80%);
    pointer-events: none;
}

/* Animated Orbs */
.hero-orb {
    position: absolute;
    border-radius: 50%;
    filter: blur(80px);
    opacity: 0.25;
    z-index: 1;
    pointer-events: none;
}
.hero-orb-1 {
    width: 400px; height: 400px;
    background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(200,150,44,0.4) 0%, transparent 70%);
    top: -100px; right: -50px;
    animation: orbFloat1 12s ease-in-out infinite;
}
.hero-orb-2 {
    width: 300px; height: 300px;
    background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(26,58,110,0.6) 0%, transparent 70%);
    bottom: -50px; left: 10%;
    animation: orbFloat2 15s ease-in-out infinite;
}
.hero-orb-3 {
    width: 200px; height: 200px;
    background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(200,150,44,0.2) 0%, transparent 70%);
    top: 40%; left: 50%;
    animation: orbFloat3 18s ease-in-out infinite;
}

@keyframes orbFloat1 {
    0%, 100% { transform: translate(0, 0) scale(1); }
    33% { transform: translate(-30px, 20px) scale(1.1); }
    66% { transform: translate(20px, -15px) scale(0.95); }
}
@keyframes orbFloat2 {
    0%, 100% { transform: translate(0, 0) scale(1); }
    33% { transform: translate(25px, -20px) scale(1.05); }
    66% { transform: translate(-15px, 25px) scale(0.9); }
}
@keyframes orbFloat3 {
    0%, 100% { transform: translate(0, 0); }
    50% { transform: translate(-40px, 20px); }
}

/* ── Container ── */
.hero-v2-container {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 2;
}

/* ── Institution Bar ── */
.hero-institution-bar {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
    padding-bottom: 1.25rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.06);
}
.hero-inst-logo {
    height: 36px;
    width: auto;
    filter: brightness(0) invert(1);
    opacity: 0.7;
}
.hero-inst-divider {
    display: block;
    width: 1px; height: 20px;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.15);
}
.hero-inst-text {
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.45);
    letter-spacing: 0.03em;
}

/* ── Main Content ── */
.hero-v2-main {
    text-align: center;
    max-width: 780px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding-bottom: 2.5rem;
}

/* Badge */
.hero-badge-wrap {
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}
.hero-v2-badge {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    background: rgba(200,150,44,0.1);
    border: 1px solid rgba(200,150,44,0.25);
    color: var(--gold-light);
    padding: 0.4rem 1.25rem;
    border-radius: 3rem;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
    backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
}
.hero-badge-dot {
    display: inline-block;
    width: 7px; height: 7px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: var(--gold);
    animation: badgePulse 2.5s ease-in-out infinite;
    box-shadow: 0 0 8px rgba(200,150,44,0.5);
}
@keyframes badgePulse {
    0%, 100% { opacity: 1; transform: scale(1); }
    50% { opacity: 0.5; transform: scale(0.7); }
}

/* Title */
.hero-v2-title {
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}
.hero-title-line {
    display: block;
    color: var(--white);
    font-size: clamp(2rem, 4.5vw, 3.2rem);
    font-weight: 800;
    line-height: 1.25;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}
.hero-title-accent {
    font-size: clamp(1.3rem, 2.5vw, 1.85rem);
    font-weight: 600;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--gold-light) 0%, var(--gold) 50%, #e8b84d 100%);
    -webkit-background-clip: text;
    -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
    background-clip: text;
    margin-top: 0.25rem;
}

/* Description */
.hero-v2-desc {
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.6);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    line-height: 1.85;
    max-width: 620px;
    margin: 0 auto 2rem;
}

/* Buttons */
.hero-v2-actions {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 1rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.hero-btn-submit {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--gold) 0%, #b8862a 100%);
    color: var(--white);
    padding: 0.85rem 2rem;
    border-radius: 8px;
    font-size: 0.92rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(200,150,44,0.25);
    white-space: nowrap;
}
.hero-btn-submit:hover {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #b8862a 0%, #a07020 100%);
    color: var(--white);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 28px rgba(200,150,44,0.35);
}
.hero-btn-icon {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
}
.hero-btn-browse {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.4rem;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.06);
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85);
    padding: 0.85rem 2rem;
    border-radius: 8px;
    font-size: 0.92rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.12);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    white-space: nowrap;
    backdrop-filter: blur(4px);
}
.hero-btn-browse:hover {
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
    color: var(--white);
    border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.25);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}
.hero-btn-arrow {
    transition: transform 0.2s;
}
.hero-btn-browse:hover .hero-btn-arrow {
    transform: translateX(-4px);
}

/* ── Stats Strip ── */
.hero-stats-strip {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 0;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.04);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.06);
    border-radius: 12px;
    padding: 1.25rem 2rem;
    backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
    margin-top: 0.5rem;
}
.hero-v2-stat {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    flex: 1;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem;
}
.hero-stat-icon-wrap {
    width: 42px; height: 42px;
    border-radius: 10px;
    background: rgba(200,150,44,0.1);
    border: 1px solid rgba(200,150,44,0.15);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}
.hero-stat-icon {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
}
.hero-stat-data {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
}
.hero-v2-stat-num {
    font-size: 1.4rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--white);
    line-height: 1.2;
    font-family: 'IBM Plex Sans Arabic', sans-serif;
}
.hero-v2-stat-num sup {
    font-size: 0.6em;
    color: var(--gold-light);
}
.hero-v2-stat-num.issn-num {
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-family: 'Inter', monospace;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    color: var(--gold-light);
}
.hero-v2-stat-label {
    font-size: 0.68rem;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.45);
    margin-top: 0.1rem;
    white-space: nowrap;
}
.hero-stats-divider {
    width: 1px;
    height: 36px;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.08);
    flex-shrink: 0;
    margin: 0 0.25rem;
}
.hero-stat-issn .hero-stat-icon-wrap {
    background: rgba(200,150,44,0.15);
    border-color: rgba(200,150,44,0.25);
}

/* ── ANNOUNCEMENT STRIP V2 ── */
.hp-announce-strip-v2 {
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, #0a1628 0%, var(--navy-dark) 50%, #0a1628 100%);
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(200,150,44,0.1);
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.04);
}
.announce-v2-inner {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.85rem;
    padding: 0.65rem 0;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    position: relative;
}
.announce-v2-pulse {
    width: 8px; height: 8px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: #22c55e;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    animation: announcePulse 2s ease-in-out infinite;
    box-shadow: 0 0 6px rgba(34,197,94,0.4);
}
@keyframes announcePulse {
    0%, 100% { opacity: 1; }
    50% { opacity: 0.4; }
}
.announce-v2-badge {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--gold) 0%, #b88630 100%);
    color: var(--white);
    font-size: 0.68rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    padding: 0.2rem 0.7rem;
    border-radius: 2rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
    white-space: nowrap;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}
.announce-v2-text {
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.6);
    flex: 1;
    min-width: 0;
}
.announce-v2-link {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.35rem;
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--gold-light);
    white-space: nowrap;
    transition: all 0.2s;
}
.announce-v2-link:hover {
    color: var(--white);
}
.announce-arrow {
    transition: transform 0.2s;
}
.announce-v2-link:hover .announce-arrow {
    transform: translateX(-3px);
}

/* ── Hero Responsive ── */
@media (max-width: 900px) {
    .hp-hero-v2 { padding: 2rem 0 0; min-height: auto; }
    .hero-stats-strip { flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.75rem; padding: 1rem; }
    .hero-stats-divider { display: none; }
    .hero-v2-stat { flex: 0 0 calc(50% - 0.5rem); justify-content: flex-start; }
    .hero-institution-bar { justify-content: center; }
}
@media (max-width: 600px) {
    .hero-v2-stat { flex: 0 0 100%; }
    .hero-v2-actions { flex-direction: column; align-items: center; }
    .hero-btn-submit, .hero-btn-browse { width: 100%; justify-content: center; }
    .hero-institution-bar { flex-direction: column; gap: 0.5rem; text-align: center; }
    .hero-inst-divider { display: none; }
}

/* ── MAIN LAYOUT ── */
.hp-main { padding: 2.5rem 0 3rem; }
.hp-layout {
    display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 300px; gap: 2rem; align-items: start;
}

/* ── Shared Buttons ── */
.hp-btn-primary {
    display: inline-block;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--gold) 0%, #b8862a 100%);
    color: var(--white);
    padding: 0.75rem 1.75rem;
    border-radius: 8px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    white-space: nowrap;
    box-shadow: 0 3px 14px rgba(200,150,44,0.2);
}
.hp-btn-primary:hover {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #b8862a 0%, #a07020 100%);
    color: var(--white);
    transform: translateY(-1px);
    box-shadow: 0 5px 20px rgba(200,150,44,0.3);
}
.hp-btn-ghost {
    display: inline-block;
    background: transparent;
    color: var(--navy);
    padding: 0.75rem 1.75rem;
    border-radius: 8px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    border: 2px solid var(--navy);
    transition: all 0.2s;
    white-space: nowrap;
}
.hp-btn-ghost:hover {
    background: var(--navy);
    color: var(--white);
}

/* ── SECTIONS ── */
.hp-section { margin-bottom: 2rem; }
.hp-section-header {
    display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding-bottom: 0.65rem;
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--gold);
}
.hp-section-header h2 {
    font-size: 1.05rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); margin: 0;
}
.hp-view-all {
    font-size: 0.8rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--gold); white-space: nowrap;
}
.hp-view-all:hover { color: var(--navy); }

/* ── ABOUT SECTION ── */
.hp-about-section { background: var(--white); border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: var(--radius); padding: 1.5rem; }
.hp-about-section .hp-section-header { margin: 0 0 1rem; border: none; padding-bottom: 0.65rem; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--gold); }
.hp-about-body { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr auto; gap: 1.5rem; }
html[lang^="en"] .hp-about-body { direction: ltr; }
.hp-about-text p { font-size: 0.875rem; color: var(--gray-600); line-height: 1.8; }
.hp-read-more { font-size: 0.82rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--gold); }
.hp-read-more:hover { color: var(--navy); }
.hp-about-highlights {
    display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0.6rem;
    min-width: 160px;
}
.hp-highlight-item {
    padding: 0.65rem 0.85rem;
    background: var(--gray-50); border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius); text-align: center;
}
.hp-highlight-item strong {
    display: block; font-size: 0.82rem;
    color: var(--navy); font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 0.15rem;
}
.hp-highlight-item span { font-size: 0.72rem; color: var(--gray-600); }

/* ── ARTICLE ITEMS ── */
.hp-articles-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0; }
.hp-article-item {
    padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem;
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-bottom: none;
    transition: background 0.15s;
}
.hp-article-item:first-child { border-radius: var(--radius) var(--radius) 0 0; }
.hp-article-item:last-child { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: 0 0 var(--radius) var(--radius); }
.hp-article-item:hover { background: var(--gray-50); }
.hp-article-meta-top {
    display: flex; gap: 0.5rem; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center;
}

.hp-article-section {
    background: var(--gray-100); color: var(--navy);
    font-size: 0.7rem; font-weight: 700; padding: 0.15rem 0.5rem;
    border-radius: 2px; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}
.hp-article-vol, .hp-article-year {
    font-size: 0.72rem; color: var(--gray-600);
    background: var(--gray-200); padding: 0.15rem 0.5rem; border-radius: 2px;
}
.hp-article-title { font-size: 0.95rem; margin-bottom: 0.4rem; line-height: 1.5; }
.hp-article-title a { color: var(--navy); }
.hp-article-title a:hover { color: var(--gold); }
.hp-article-abstract { font-size: 0.8rem; color: var(--gray-600); line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 0.4rem; }
.hp-article-author { font-size: 0.8rem; color: var(--gray-600); font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.hp-article-links { display: flex; gap: 0.4rem; flex-wrap: wrap; }

.hp-link-read {
    font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: 700; padding: 0.2rem 0.6rem;
    background: #e8edf5; color: var(--navy); border-radius: 3px; transition: all 0.15s;
}
.hp-link-read:hover { background: var(--navy); color: var(--white); }
.hp-link-pdf {
    font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: 700; padding: 0.2rem 0.6rem;
    background: #fde8e8; color: #c0392b; border-radius: 3px; transition: all 0.15s;
}
.hp-link-pdf:hover { background: #c0392b; color: var(--white); }
.hp-link-doi {
    font-size: 0.72rem; padding: 0.2rem 0.6rem;
    background: #d4edda; color: #155724; border-radius: 3px;
}

/* ── EMPTY STATE ── */
.hp-empty-state {
    text-align: center; padding: 3rem 2rem;
    background: var(--white); border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: var(--radius);
}
.hp-empty-title { font-size: 1.1rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.hp-empty-state p { font-size: 0.875rem; color: var(--gray-600); margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }

/* ── SECTIONS GRID ── */
.hp-sections-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: 0.6rem;
}
.hp-section-card {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    padding: 0.85rem 1rem;
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    transition: all 0.15s;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.hp-section-card:hover {
    background: var(--navy);
    border-color: var(--navy);
}
.hp-section-card:hover .hp-section-num,
.hp-section-card:hover .hp-section-name { color: var(--white); }
.hp-section-num {
    font-size: 0.7rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--gold);
    font-family: 'Inter', monospace; flex-shrink: 0;
    transition: color 0.15s;
}
.hp-section-name { font-size: 0.82rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--navy); line-height: 1.4; transition: color 0.15s; }

/* ── CTA BANNER ── */
.hp-cta-banner {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--navy-dark), var(--navy));
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    padding: 2rem 2.5rem;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 2rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}
html[lang^="ar"] .hp-cta-banner { direction: rtl; }
html[lang^="en"] .hp-cta-banner { direction: ltr; }
.hp-cta-text h3 { color: var(--white); font-size: 1.1rem; margin-bottom: 0.4rem; }
.hp-cta-text p { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7); font-size: 0.875rem; margin: 0; }
.hp-cta-actions { display: flex; gap: 0.75rem; flex-wrap: wrap; flex-shrink: 0; }
.hp-btn-ghost {
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85);
    padding: 0.65rem 1.25rem;
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    font-size: 0.85rem; font-weight: 600;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.2);
    transition: all 0.2s; white-space: nowrap;
}
.hp-btn-ghost:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,0.2); color: var(--white); }

/* ── SIDEBAR WIDGETS ── */
.hp-sidebar-col { position: sticky; top: 120px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0.75rem; }
.hp-widget {
    background: var(--white); border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius); overflow: hidden;
}
.hp-widget-title {
    background: var(--navy); color: var(--white);
    font-size: 0.82rem; font-weight: 700;
    padding: 0.65rem 1rem; letter-spacing: 0.03em;
}
.hp-widget-nav { margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.hp-widget-nav li { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-200); }
.hp-widget-nav li:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
.hp-widget-nav a {
    display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between;
    padding: 0.55rem 1rem; font-size: 0.8rem; color: var(--text);
    transition: background 0.15s;
}
.hp-widget-nav a:hover { background: var(--gray-50); color: var(--navy); }
.hp-widget-nav a span { color: var(--gray-400); font-size: 0.7rem; }

.hp-submit-widget {
    display: block; background: var(--gold); color: var(--white);
    text-align: center; padding: 0.9rem 1rem;
    font-weight: 700; font-size: 0.9rem;
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    transition: background 0.2s;
}
.hp-submit-widget:hover { background: #a67820; color: var(--white); }

.hp-info-widget { /* styled via child selectors */ }
.hp-info-rows { padding: 0.25rem 0; }
.hp-info-row {
    display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: flex-start;
    padding: 0.55rem 1rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-200);
    gap: 0.5rem;
}
.hp-info-row:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
.hp-info-label {
    font-size: 0.72rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--gray-600);
    text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.04em; white-space: nowrap; flex-shrink: 0;
}
.hp-info-val { font-size: 0.78rem; color: var(--navy); font-weight: 600; text-align: left; }
html[lang^="ar"] .hp-info-val { text-align: right; }
.hp-info-val a { color: var(--navy); text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: var(--gold); }


/* ─── الأكاديمي المبسط (Academic Simple Hero) ─── */
.hp-hero-academic {
    background: var(--navy-dark);
    padding: 5rem 0 3rem;
    text-align: center;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.hero-academic-container {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 2;
    max-width: 800px;
}

.hero-academic-badge {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 0.4rem 1rem;
    border: 1px solid var(--gold);
    color: var(--gold);
    border-radius: 50px;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.hero-academic-title {
    font-size: 3rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    color: var(--white);
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    line-height: 1.3;
}

.hero-academic-title .text-gold {
    color: var(--gold);
    font-size: 2.2rem;
}

.hero-academic-desc {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.8);
    line-height: 1.8;
    margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
}

.hero-academic-actions {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 1rem;
}

.btn-academic-primary, .btn-academic-outline {
    padding: 0.8rem 2rem;
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 1rem;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.btn-academic-primary {
    background: var(--gold);
    color: var(--navy-dark);
}

.btn-academic-primary:hover {
    background: var(--gold-light);
    color: var(--navy-dark);
}

.btn-academic-outline {
    border: 2px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.3);
    color: var(--white);
}

.btn-academic-outline:hover {
    border-color: var(--white);
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
    color: var(--white);
}

.hero-academic-stats {
    background: var(--white);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
    padding: 2rem 0;
}

.stats-container {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
}

.stat-item {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 0 3rem;
}

.stat-num {
    font-size: 2.2rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    color: var(--navy);
    line-height: 1;
    margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
}

.stat-label {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: var(--gray-600);
    font-weight: 600;
}

.stat-divider {
    width: 2px;
    height: 50px;
    background: var(--gray-200);
}

/* ── FOOTER ACCORDION BASE (Desktop: chevron hidden, content visible) ── */
.accordion-trigger .chevron { display: none; }
.accordion-content { display: block; }

@media (max-width: 1024px) {
    /* ── HEADER: compact on mobile ── */
    .site-header { position: sticky !important; top: 0 !important; z-index: 200 !important; }
    .header-inner {
        height: 56px !important;
        gap: 0.5rem !important;
        padding: 0 1rem !important;
        flex-wrap: nowrap !important;
    }
    .site-logo-link { flex-shrink: 0 !important; order: 1 !important; }
    .site-logo { max-height: 40px !important; width: auto !important; }

    /* ── HAMBURGER BUTTON: force show ── */
    .mobile-menu-toggle {
        display: flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: center !important;
        order: 2 !important;
        background: none !important;
        border: none !important;
        color: var(--navy) !important;
        cursor: pointer !important;
        padding: 0.5rem !important;
        -webkit-appearance: none !important;
        appearance: none !important;
    }

    /* ── CLOSE BUTTON inside drawer ── */
    .mobile-menu-close {
        display: flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: center !important;
        background: none !important;
        border: none !important;
        color: var(--navy) !important;
        cursor: pointer !important;
        padding: 0.5rem !important;
        align-self: flex-start !important;
        margin-bottom: 1rem !important;
    }

    /* ── NAV WRAPPER: hidden off-canvas drawer ── */
    .header-nav-wrapper {
        position: fixed !important;
        top: 0 !important;
        right: -100% !important;
        width: 280px !important;
        max-width: 80vw !important;
        height: 100vh !important;
        height: 100dvh !important;
        background: var(--white) !important;
        z-index: 99999 !important;
        display: flex !important;
        flex-direction: column !important;
        justify-content: flex-start !important;
        align-items: stretch !important;
        padding: 1.25rem 1rem !important;
        box-shadow: -4px 0 25px rgba(0,0,0,0.2) !important;
        transition: right 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) !important;
        overflow-y: auto !important;
        flex: none !important;
    }
    .header-nav-wrapper.active {
        right: 0 !important;
    }

    /* ── Navigation inside drawer ── */
    .main-navigation {
        width: 100% !important;
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border) !important;
        padding-bottom: 1rem !important;
        margin-bottom: 1rem !important;
    }
    .main-navigation .nav-menu,
    .main-navigation ul {
        display: flex !important;
        flex-direction: column !important;
        align-items: stretch !important;
        gap: 0 !important;
        list-style: none !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
    }
    .main-navigation .nav-menu > li,
    .main-navigation ul > li {
        width: 100% !important;
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-100) !important;
    }
    .main-navigation .nav-menu > li:last-child,
    .main-navigation ul > li:last-child {
        border-bottom: none !important;
    }
    .main-navigation .nav-menu > li > a,
    .main-navigation ul > li > a {
        font-size: 1rem !important;
        padding: 0.85rem 0.5rem !important;
        display: block !important;
        border-bottom: none !important;
        color: var(--navy) !important;
        text-decoration: none !important;
    }
    .main-navigation .nav-menu > li > a:hover,
    .main-navigation ul > li > a:hover {
        color: var(--gold) !important;
        background: var(--gray-50) !important;
    }

    /* ── Actions inside drawer ── */
    .header-actions {
        flex-direction: column !important;
        width: 100% !important;
        align-items: stretch !important;
        gap: 0.75rem !important;
        margin-top: 0.5rem !important;
    }
    .header-search-form { width: 100% !important; }
    .header-search-form input { width: 100% !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; }
    .btn-submit-article {
        width: 100% !important;
        text-align: center !important;
        padding: 0.75rem 1rem !important;
        display: block !important;
        box-sizing: border-box !important;
    }

    /* ── SECONDARY NAV ── */
    .secondary-nav-bar { display: none !important; }

    /* ── FOOTER GRID ── */
    .footer-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr !important; gap: 1.5rem !important; }
}

/* ══════════════════════════════════════════
   TABLETS AND SMALL SCREENS (≤ 900px)
══════════════════════════════════════════ */
@media (max-width: 900px) {
    /* Inner page sidebars → full width */
    html[lang^="ar"] .content-with-sidebar,
    html[lang^="en"] .content-with-sidebar {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
    }
    .journal-sidebar {
        position: static !important;
        order: 2 !important;
        margin-top: 2rem !important;
    }

    /* Homepage layout */
    .hp-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr !important; }
    .hp-sidebar-col { position: static !important; margin-top: 2rem !important; }
    .hp-about-body { grid-template-columns: 1fr !important; }
    .hp-cta-banner { flex-direction: column !important; text-align: center !important; gap: 1.5rem !important; }

    /* Contact page */
    .contact-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr !important; }
    .contact-extra-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr !important; }

    /* About page */
    .about-intro-card { grid-template-columns: 1fr !important; }
    .values-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr) !important; }
    .vm-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr !important; }
    .criteria-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr !important; }
}

/* ══════════════════════════════════════════
   MOBILE PHONES (≤ 768px)
══════════════════════════════════════════ */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    /* ── HEADER MOBILE POLISH ── */
    .header-inner { height: 56px !important; padding: 0 0.75rem !important; }
    .site-logo { max-height: 36px !important; }

    /* ── INNER PAGES: sidebar below content ── */
    html[lang^="ar"] .content-with-sidebar,
    html[lang^="en"] .content-with-sidebar,
    .content-with-sidebar {
        display: block !important;
        grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
    }
    .journal-sidebar {
        display: none !important;
    }

    /* ── HERO SECTION ── */
    .hp-hero-academic { padding: 2.5rem 1rem 2rem !important; }
    .hero-academic-title { font-size: 1.5rem !important; line-height: 1.4 !important; }
    .hero-academic-title .text-gold { font-size: 1.15rem !important; display: block !important; margin-top: 0.3rem !important; }
    .hero-academic-desc { font-size: 0.9rem !important; margin-bottom: 1.5rem !important; padding: 0 0.5rem !important; line-height: 1.7 !important; }
    .hero-academic-actions { flex-direction: column !important; gap: 0.6rem !important; padding: 0 1rem !important; }
    .btn-academic-primary, .btn-academic-outline { width: 100% !important; text-align: center !important; padding: 0.85rem 1rem !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; }

    /* ── STATS STRIP ── */
    .stats-container { flex-direction: column !important; gap: 1.2rem !important; padding: 1.5rem 1rem !important; }
    .stat-item { width: 100% !important; padding: 0 !important; text-align: center !important; }
    .stat-divider { display: none !important; }

    /* ── ANNOUNCEMENT STRIP ── */
    .announce-v2-inner {
        flex-direction: column !important;
        text-align: center !important;
        justify-content: center !important;
        padding: 1rem !important;
        gap: 0.5rem !important;
    }
    .announce-v2-badge { margin-bottom: 0.25rem !important; }
    .announce-v2-text { font-size: 0.9rem !important; line-height: 1.6 !important; margin-bottom: 0.25rem !important; }
    .announce-v2-link { width: auto !important; justify-content: center !important; }

    /* ── HOMEPAGE LAYOUT ── */
    .hp-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr !important; }
    .hp-sidebar-col { position: static !important; margin-top: 2rem !important; }
    .hp-about-body { grid-template-columns: 1fr !important; }
    .hp-cta-banner { flex-direction: column !important; text-align: center !important; gap: 1.5rem !important; }

    /* ── SECTION CARDS GRID ── */
    .hp-sections-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr !important; gap: 0.75rem !important; }

    /* ── ABOUT PAGE ── */
    .about-intro-card { grid-template-columns: 1fr !important; }
    .about-intro-stats { flex-direction: row !important; flex-wrap: wrap !important; gap: 1rem !important; }
    .about-intro-stats .about-stat { min-width: 100px !important; }
    .values-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr !important; }
    .vm-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr !important; }
    .criteria-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr !important; }

    /* ── EDITORIAL BOARD TABLE → CARD LAYOUT ── */
    .eb-table { display: block !important; width: 100% !important; }
    .eb-table thead { display: none !important; }
    .eb-table tbody { display: block !important; }
    .eb-table tr {
        display: block !important;
        background: var(--white) !important;
        border: 1px solid var(--border) !important;
        border-radius: var(--radius) !important;
        padding: 1rem !important;
        margin-bottom: 0.75rem !important;
    }
    .eb-leader { border-right: 3px solid var(--gold) !important; }
    .eb-table td {
        display: flex !important;
        justify-content: space-between !important;
        align-items: flex-start !important;
        padding: 0.4rem 0 !important;
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-100) !important;
        font-size: 0.9rem !important;
    }
    .eb-table td:last-child { border-bottom: none !important; }
    .eb-table td::before {
        content: attr(data-label) !important;
        font-weight: 700 !important;
        color: var(--navy) !important;
        font-size: 0.8rem !important;
        flex-shrink: 0 !important;
        margin-left: 1rem !important;
    }
    .eb-table td:first-child { text-align: right !important; }
    .eb-section-header { padding: 0.75rem 1rem !important; }

    /* ── CONTACT PAGE — Mobile ── */
    .cx-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr !important; }
    .cx-sidebar-inner { padding: 1.5rem 1.25rem !important; }
    .cx-sidebar-header { margin-bottom: 1.25rem !important; }
    .cx-form-area { padding: 1.25rem !important; }
    .cx-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr !important; }
    .cx-submit-row { flex-direction: column !important; }
    .cx-btn-submit { width: 100% !important; justify-content: center !important; }
    .cx-privacy { justify-content: center !important; }
    .cx-success-card { padding: 2rem 1.25rem !important; }

    /* ══════════════════════════════════════
       ABOUT PAGE — Mobile Polish
    ══════════════════════════════════════ */
    .about-intro-card {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
        gap: 1.25rem !important;
        padding: 1.25rem !important;
    }
    .about-intro-card h2 {
        font-size: 1.05rem !important;
        text-align: center !important;
    }
    .about-intro-card p {
        font-size: 0.88rem !important;
        line-height: 1.8 !important;
        text-align: justify !important;
    }
    .about-intro-stats {
        flex-direction: row !important;
        flex-wrap: wrap !important;
        justify-content: center !important;
        gap: 0.75rem !important;
    }
    .about-stat {
        flex: 1 1 calc(33% - 0.75rem) !important;
        min-width: 90px !important;
        padding: 0.75rem 0.5rem !important;
    }
    .about-stat-num { font-size: 1.5rem !important; }
    .about-stat-label { font-size: 0.7rem !important; }

    /* Vision / Mission — stacked */
    .vm-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
        gap: 1rem !important;
    }
    .vm-card {
        padding: 1.25rem !important;
    }
    .vm-card h3 {
        font-size: 1rem !important;
        text-align: center !important;
        margin-bottom: 0.5rem !important;
    }
    .vm-card p {
        font-size: 0.88rem !important;
        line-height: 1.75 !important;
        text-align: justify !important;
    }

    /* Section Title */
    .about-section-title {
        font-size: 1rem !important;
        text-align: center !important;
        margin: 1.5rem 0 1rem !important;
    }

    /* Values — single column cards */
    .values-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
        gap: 0.75rem !important;
    }
    .value-card {
        padding: 1rem !important;
        text-align: center !important;
    }
    .value-card h4 {
        font-size: 0.9rem !important;
        margin-bottom: 0.3rem !important;
    }
    .value-card p {
        font-size: 0.82rem !important;
        line-height: 1.6 !important;
    }

    /* Sections Grid — compact mobile */
    .sections-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
        gap: 0.4rem !important;
    }
    .section-card {
        padding: 0.55rem 0.75rem !important;
        gap: 0.5rem !important;
        border-radius: 6px !important;
    }
    .section-num {
        width: 1.6rem !important; height: 1.6rem !important;
        font-size: 0.6rem !important;
    }
    .section-name {
        font-size: 0.78rem !important;
    }

    /* Goals — better spacing */
    .goals-list {
        gap: 0.65rem !important;
    }
    .goal-item {
        padding: 1rem !important;
    }
    .goal-item strong {
        font-size: 0.9rem !important;
        margin-bottom: 0.3rem !important;
    }
    .goal-item p {
        font-size: 0.82rem !important;
        line-height: 1.65 !important;
    }

    /* ══════════════════════════════════════
       EDITORIAL BOARD — Mobile Card Polish
    ══════════════════════════════════════ */
    .eb-section {
        margin-bottom: 1.5rem !important;
    }
    .eb-table tr {
        display: block !important;
        background: var(--white) !important;
        border: 1px solid var(--border) !important;
        border-radius: var(--radius) !important;
        padding: 0.85rem 1rem !important;
        margin-bottom: 0.65rem !important;
        box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.04) !important;
    }
    .eb-table td {
        display: flex !important;
        justify-content: space-between !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        padding: 0.35rem 0 !important;
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-100) !important;
        font-size: 0.85rem !important;
        gap: 0.5rem !important;
    }
    .eb-table td:last-child { border-bottom: none !important; }
    .eb-table td::before {
        content: attr(data-label) !important;
        font-weight: 600 !important;
        color: var(--navy) !important;
        font-size: 0.78rem !important;
        flex-shrink: 0 !important;
        min-width: 60px !important;
    }
    .eb-role {
        font-size: 0.7rem !important;
        padding: 0.2rem 0.5rem !important;
    }

    /* ══════════════════════════════════════
       SINGLE ARTICLE — Mobile Premium
    ══════════════════════════════════════ */
    .sp-hero { padding: 1.25rem !important; }
    .sp-title { font-size: 1.1rem !important; line-height: 1.5 !important; }
    .sp-researcher { padding: 0.6rem 0.75rem !important; gap: 0.5rem !important; }
    .sp-researcher-icon { width: 1.8rem !important; height: 1.8rem !important; }
    .sp-rname { font-size: 0.82rem !important; }
    .sp-info-strip { font-size: 0.75rem !important; }
    .sp-timeline { flex-direction: column !important; }
    .sp-tl {
        border-left: none !important; border-right: none !important;
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border) !important;
        padding: 0.5rem 1rem !important;
    }
    .sp-tl:last-child { border-bottom: none !important; }
    .sp-section { padding: 1rem 1.25rem !important; }
    .sp-text { font-size: 0.85rem !important; line-height: 1.8 !important; }
    .sp-tags-row { padding: 0.6rem 1.25rem 0.75rem !important; }
    .sp-cta { padding: 1.25rem !important; }
    .sp-cta-btn {
        width: 100% !important; min-width: auto !important;
        padding: 0.75rem 1rem !important; font-size: 0.88rem !important;
    }
    .req-box { padding: 1.25rem !important; margin: 0.5rem !important; }

    /* ══════════════════════════════════════
       SUBMISSION GUIDELINES — Mobile Polish
    ══════════════════════════════════════ */
    .guideline-section {
        margin-bottom: 1rem !important;
        border-radius: var(--radius) !important;
    }
    .guideline-section-header {
        padding: 0.85rem 1rem !important;
        gap: 0.75rem !important;
    }
    .guideline-section-header h2 {
        font-size: 0.92rem !important;
    }
    .gs-number {
        width: 1.75rem !important;
        height: 1.75rem !important;
        font-size: 0.75rem !important;
    }
    .guideline-section-body {
        padding: 1rem !important;
    }

    /* Criteria Cards — single column */
    .criteria-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
        gap: 0.75rem !important;
    }
    .criteria-card {
        padding: 0.85rem !important;
    }
    .criteria-card h4 {
        font-size: 0.88rem !important;
    }
    .criteria-card li {
        font-size: 0.82rem !important;
        line-height: 1.7 !important;
        margin-bottom: 0.35rem !important;
    }

    /* Spec Table → Card layout on mobile */
    .spec-table {
        display: block !important;
        width: 100% !important;
    }
    .spec-table thead {
        display: none !important;
    }
    .spec-table tbody {
        display: flex !important;
        flex-direction: column !important;
        gap: 0.5rem !important;
    }
    .spec-table tr {
        display: flex !important;
        flex-direction: column !important;
        background: var(--gray-50) !important;
        border-radius: var(--radius) !important;
        padding: 0.75rem 1rem !important;
        border: 1px solid var(--gray-200) !important;
    }
    .spec-table td {
        padding: 0.15rem 0 !important;
        border-bottom: none !important;
        font-size: 0.85rem !important;
    }
    .spec-table td:first-child {
        font-weight: 700 !important;
        color: var(--navy) !important;
        font-size: 0.82rem !important;
        margin-bottom: 0.15rem !important;
    }
    .spec-table td:last-child {
        color: var(--gray-800) !important;
    }

    /* Numbered Steps — better wrap */
    .numbered-step {
        padding: 0.65rem 0.85rem !important;
        font-size: 0.82rem !important;
        gap: 0.75rem !important;
        line-height: 1.6 !important;
    }
    .step-num {
        width: 1.6rem !important;
        height: 1.6rem !important;
        font-size: 0.75rem !important;
    }

    /* APA Rules */
    .apa-rule {
        padding: 0.75rem !important;
        font-size: 0.82rem !important;
        line-height: 1.7 !important;
    }

    /* Review Steps */
    .review-step {
        padding: 0.85rem !important;
        gap: 0.75rem !important;
    }
    .review-step-num {
        width: 1.75rem !important;
        height: 1.75rem !important;
        font-size: 0.78rem !important;
    }
    .review-step strong {
        font-size: 0.88rem !important;
    }
    .review-step p {
        font-size: 0.82rem !important;
        line-height: 1.65 !important;
    }

    /* Guidelines CTA */
    .guidelines-cta {
        padding: 1.5rem 1rem !important;
        text-align: center !important;
    }
    .guidelines-cta h3 {
        font-size: 1rem !important;
    }
    .guidelines-cta p {
        font-size: 0.85rem !important;
    }

    /* ── SUBMISSION PAGE ── */
    .info-card { margin-bottom: 1rem !important; }

    /* ── FOOTER ── */
    .footer-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr !important; gap: 1rem !important; text-align: center !important; }
    .footer-logo { max-height: 50px !important; margin: 0 auto 1rem !important; display: block !important; }
    .about-col { text-align: center !important; }
    .footer-issn-inner { flex-direction: column !important; gap: 0.25rem !important; text-align: center !important; }
    .footer-issn-sep { display: none !important; }
    .footer-bottom-inner { flex-direction: column !important; gap: 0.5rem !important; text-align: center !important; }
    .footer-contact-table { width: 100% !important; }
    .footer-contact-table td { font-size: 0.85rem !important; }
    .hero-meta-bar { gap: 1.5rem !important; flex-wrap: wrap !important; }

    /* ── FOOTER ACCORDION (Apple style) ── */
    .footer-col.accordion-col {
        border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1) !important;
        padding-bottom: 0 !important;
        margin-bottom: 0 !important;
        text-align: right !important;
    }
    .footer-col.accordion-col:last-child { border-bottom: none !important; }
    .accordion-trigger {
        display: flex !important;
        justify-content: space-between !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        cursor: pointer !important;
        margin-bottom: 0 !important;
        padding: 0.85rem 0 !important;
    }
    .accordion-trigger .chevron { display: block !important; transition: transform 0.3s ease !important; }
    .accordion-content {
        max-height: 0 !important;
        opacity: 0 !important;
        overflow: hidden !important;
        pointer-events: none !important;
        transition: max-height 0.35s ease, opacity 0.25s ease !important;
    }
    .accordion-col.is-open .accordion-content {
        max-height: 400px !important;
        opacity: 1 !important;
        pointer-events: auto !important;
        padding-bottom: 0.75rem !important;
    }
    .accordion-col.is-open .accordion-trigger .chevron { transform: rotate(180deg) !important; }
    .footer-links-list { text-align: right !important; }
    .footer-links-list li { padding: 0.35rem 0 !important; }
}

/* ══════════════════════════════════════════
   SMALL PHONES (≤ 480px)
══════════════════════════════════════════ */
@media (max-width: 480px) {
    .container { padding: 0 0.75rem !important; }
    .page-body { padding: 1rem 0 2rem !important; }

    .hero-academic-title { font-size: 1.3rem !important; }
    .hero-academic-title .text-gold { font-size: 1rem !important; }
    .hero-academic-desc { font-size: 0.85rem !important; }

    .hp-about-heading { font-size: 1.1rem !important; }
    .hp-card-title { font-size: 0.85rem !important; }

    .board-committee-title { font-size: 1rem !important; padding: 0.75rem !important; }

    .section-heading { font-size: 0.95rem !important; }

    .issn-bar { flex-direction: column !important; gap: 0.5rem !important; padding: 0.75rem 1rem !important; }
    .issn-sep { display: none !important; }
}